俺:As you know, I spent my childhood in Showa era. I believe there was a backdrop which is uncanny and, almost foreboding Japan’s decay even in the midst of economic prosperity. The most famous Manga writer Osamu Tezuka depicts the Zeitgeist especially in his artwork “Phoenix”. The author of Doraemon is alike. As Ryuzo Uchida, professor of Tokyo University is pointing out, Showa era people were bound to feeling of guilty or indebted to the unredeemed dead in the WW2 and Emperor Showa, who enshrines them instead of himself. Contrary to Showa, we are now never bound to any kind of morality at the cost of economic prosperity. I’d like to say the sense of guilty united Japanese people and drove them to economic prosperity.ジョンさん:Highly interesting. Is it a commonly held theory? Japanese were working so hard to recover from the war in honor of the sacred war dead? Were they ashamed to have survived while a million or more died? 俺:Thanks. But this theory is not held commonly. I just assembled this theory, picking up from the particle of 「Kokudoron」by Uchida and 「Anti-Oedipus」by Deleuze and Guattari. But, whoever Japanese spent their lives in Showa share that bad ominous and depressing prospect for the near future I believe. The most acute protest against loss of morality is Yukio Mishima’s Hara-kiri. He strongly detested to the apathy of Japanese seeking for economy and immortality. And, he tried to warn of Japan’s moral decay.ジョンさん:I still think Japanese society has many many more positive aspects than America. America is not the same country of my youth. It has been destroyed by the Left.I no longer recognize my own home nation.俺:I’m surprised you think highly of Japan so much. Traditional lifestyles are almost completely forgotten in Japan likewise. This is a negative aspect of that notorious “Globalization”. Free flux of capital and access to its market is eroding the traditional way of life. Along this, phony image of diversity is prevailing. In Japan, using loyalty to the nation is completely taboo. People don’t know on what basis they live mentally. But, I’m positive on US’s arduous and tenuous works to recognizing each other and bundle society again. The most famous case is Sesame Street. Such effort is far less seen in Japan than in US. And, albeit globalization expanded economic gap, US has been alluring the top notch intelligences and they are making industrial giants. This is one of the most powerful element which is making US the world’s strongest giant.ジョンさん:Do you know the expression “the grass is greener on the other side?” Perhaps that is the case! Still I admire Japan for not completely losing its national identity to globalization unlike USA and Europe. You still don’t have most of the social problems we do. On that issue alone, Japan is far far better than the West. Our cities and schools and borders are crumbling rapidly and Biden ignores it all. I’ll take Japan any day!
1. 序論:『それから』に映し出される明治期の近代化 本稿は、夏目漱石の小説『それから』を題材に、日本の近代化がもたらした状況と、それが個人の経験に与えた影響について考察するものである。特に、経済的豊かさが生み出す「自家特有の世界」への耽溺と、それが最終的に経済の論理に絡め取られていく過程、そしてテオドール・W・アドルノが指摘する、社会の合理化と精神世界における非合理への慰めを求める人々の傾向を、作品を通して分析する。 日本の明治時代(1868-1912年)は、長きにわたる鎖国状態を経て、1853年の黒船来航を契機に世界と対峙し、驚くべき速度で西洋の制度や文化を取り入れ、「近代国家」への道を歩んだ画期的な時代である 。この時期には、鉄道、郵便局、小学校、電気、博物館、図書館、銀行、病院、ホテルといった現代の基盤となるインフラや制度が次々と整備された 。政府は「富国強兵」や「殖産興業」といった政策を推進し、工場、兵舎、鉄道駅舎などの建設を奨励した。また、廃藩置県や憲法制定といった統治制度の変更に伴い、官庁舎や裁判所、監獄などが建設され、教育制度の導入は学校や博物館の整備を促した 。 西洋化の影響は日常生活にも深く浸透した。住宅様式においては、外国人居留地を起点に西洋館が普及し、やがて庶民の住宅にも椅子式の生活スタイルが段階的に浸透した 。食文化においても、仏教の影響で長らく禁じられていた肉食が解禁され、西洋列強との競争意識から日本人の体格向上と体力増強が期待された 。洋食は都市部の富裕層を中心に広まり、カレーライスやオムライス、ハヤシライスといった日本独自の洋食が定着した 。大正ロマン期(1912-1926年)には、西洋文化と日本独自の文化が融合し、「モガ」や「モボ」と呼ばれる若者たちが洋装に身を包み、カフェで音楽や映画を楽しむ「自由でおしゃれな空気」が醸成された 。経済面では、明治後期から軽工業が発展し、日露戦争前後には鉄鋼や船舶などの重工業が急速に発展し、日本の近代化を加速させた 。第一次世界大戦期には工業生産が飛躍的に増大し、輸出が輸入を上回る好景気を享受した 。 『それから』(1909年発表)は、夏目漱石の「前期三部作」の二作目にあたり、急速な近代化が進む日本を背景に、個人の欲望と社会規範の...
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